دانش پرستاری: از کلاس درس تا جامعه

اپیدمیولوژی سرطان

تعریف سرطان:

Unrestricted cell Proliferation

Growth without appropriate signal

Escaped from Programmed cell death

Altered interaction between cell and environment

Evasion of immune mediated eradication

Invasion into normal tissue

مکانیزم سرطان
Cancer is a disease of nucleolus

It is associated with change in genetic material

Proto-oncogene

Tumor- Suppressor Genes

DNA repair Gene

This changes are genetic or epigenetic

حقایقی در باره سرطان

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide: it accounted for 7.4 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) in 2004.
Lung, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancer cause the most cancer deaths each year.

The most frequent types of cancer differ between men and women.
More than 30% of cancer deaths can be prevented.

حقایقی در باره سرطان
Tobacco use is the single most important risk factor for cancer.
Cancer arises from a change in one single cell. The change may be started by external agents and inherited genetic factors.

Deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to continue rising, with an estimated 12 million deaths in 2030.

Global burden of cancer

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The disease accounted for 7.4 million deaths (or around 13% of all deaths worldwide) in 2004. The main types of cancer leading to overall cancer mortality each year are:
lung (1.3 million deaths/year)
stomach (803 000 deaths)
colorectal (639 000 deaths)
liver (610 000 deaths)
breast (519 000 deaths).

بار ناشی از سرطان

More than 70% of all cancer deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries.

The most frequent types of cancer worldwide (in order of the number of global deaths) are:

Among men - lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, oesophagus and prostate

Among women - breast, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical.

Asymmetry

Border irregularity

Colour

Diameter